Matter and how it changes
Students learn that everything around them is made of tiny particles too small to see. They explore what happens when things are heated or cooled, like ice melting back to water or a cake that cannot turn back into batter.
This is the year science starts asking students to explain why, not just what. Students look at solids, liquids, and gases as tiny particles too small to see, and they figure out which changes can be undone, like melting ice, and which cannot, like baking a cake. They also study forces that work without touching, such as magnets and gravity, and they track how weather builds into climate. By spring, students can read a weather chart and explain how an animal's body parts help it survive in its habitat.
Students learn that everything around them is made of tiny particles too small to see. They explore what happens when things are heated or cooled, like ice melting back to water or a cake that cannot turn back into batter.
Students notice energy in sound, light, heat, and motion. They build simple circuits with batteries and bulbs, and test how magnets and static can push or pull objects without touching them.
Students compare life cycles of animals, plants, and people, and look at the body parts that help creatures eat, move, and stay safe. They also see how animals living in groups help each other survive.
Students use evidence to explain why some animals thrive when a habitat changes and others struggle. They look at how people use natural resources and what that means for the plants and animals that share the land.
Students sort planets, moons, and comets by what they are like and how they move. They track temperature, wind, and clouds to predict local weather, and compare climates in places like the desert, the rainforest, and the poles.
Students study floods, fires, earthquakes, and storms, and look at real ways people protect homes and towns. They then design and test their own solutions to a problem, using evidence to explain why their idea would work.
Students learn that matter is everything around them that takes up space and has weight. They explore how materials like wood, water, and metal can change or interact when mixed, heated, or cooled.
Students learn why objects move, stop, or change direction by exploring pushes, pulls, and other forces. They also investigate what keeps objects stable and what makes them tip, slide, or stay put.
Students learn what energy is and how it moves or changes things. They look at light, heat, and motion to understand where energy comes from and what it does.
Living things are made of parts that work together to keep them alive. Students learn how plants and animals are built, how those structures help them survive, and how living things grow and reproduce.
Students learn how living things depend on each other and their surroundings to survive. They explore how plants, animals, and the environment swap energy and resources to keep an ecosystem running.
Students sort real animals and plants by their traits, spotting patterns that show how living things are related, how they change over generations, and why some survive while others don't.
Students learn why the sky looks different at different times of year, why seasons change, and how the sun, moon, and stars follow predictable patterns day to day.
Students learn how weather, water, and land interact to shape the world around them, from rainstorms filling rivers to wind wearing down rocks over time.
Students learn how humans use natural resources and how their choices can protect or damage land, water, and living things.
Students learn to spot a problem, come up with solutions, and test whether their ideas actually work. It's the same thinking process engineers use when they build or fix something in the real world.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Matter and Its Interactions | Students learn that matter is everything around them that takes up space and has weight. They explore how materials like wood, water, and metal can change or interact when mixed, heated, or cooled. | 3.PS1 |
| Motion and Stability | Students learn why objects move, stop, or change direction by exploring pushes, pulls, and other forces. They also investigate what keeps objects stable and what makes them tip, slide, or stay put. | 3.PS2 |
| Energy | Students learn what energy is and how it moves or changes things. They look at light, heat, and motion to understand where energy comes from and what it does. | 3.PS3 |
| From Molecules to Organisms | Living things are made of parts that work together to keep them alive. Students learn how plants and animals are built, how those structures help them survive, and how living things grow and reproduce. | 3.LS1 |
| Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy | Students learn how living things depend on each other and their surroundings to survive. They explore how plants, animals, and the environment swap energy and resources to keep an ecosystem running. | 3.LS2 |
| Biological Change: Unity and Diversity | Students sort real animals and plants by their traits, spotting patterns that show how living things are related, how they change over generations, and why some survive while others don't. | 3.LS4 |
| Earth’s Place in the Universe | Students learn why the sky looks different at different times of year, why seasons change, and how the sun, moon, and stars follow predictable patterns day to day. | 3.ESS1 |
| Earth’s Systems | Students learn how weather, water, and land interact to shape the world around them, from rainstorms filling rivers to wind wearing down rocks over time. | 3.ESS2 |
| Earth and Human Activity | Students learn how humans use natural resources and how their choices can protect or damage land, water, and living things. | 3.ESS3 |
| Engineering Design | Students learn to spot a problem, come up with solutions, and test whether their ideas actually work. It's the same thinking process engineers use when they build or fix something in the real world. | 3.ETS1 |
Solids, liquids, and gases are all made of tiny particles too small to see. Students draw or build a model to show how those particles are arranged differently in each state of matter.
Heating and cooling can change a substance in two ways. Some changes, like melting ice or freezing water, can be undone. Others, like baking or burning, are permanent. Students learn to tell the difference.
Some properties of a material, like color or texture, stay the same no matter what you do to it. Others, like shape or temperature, can change. Students use those properties as clues to identify what a material is made of.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Develop a model of solids, liquids | Solids, liquids, and gases are all made of tiny particles too small to see. Students draw or build a model to show how those particles are arranged differently in each state of matter. | 3.PS1.1 |
| Construct an explanation about the effects of heating and cooling a substance… | Heating and cooling can change a substance in two ways. Some changes, like melting ice or freezing water, can be undone. Others, like baking or burning, are permanent. Students learn to tell the difference. | 3.PS1.2 |
| Construct an argument based on evidence that materials have both fixed and… | Some properties of a material, like color or texture, stay the same no matter what you do to it. Others, like shape or temperature, can change. Students use those properties as clues to identify what a material is made of. | 3.PS1.3 |
Students learn why objects can push or pull each other without touching. Magnets attract metal across a gap, static electricity makes a balloon stick to a wall, and gravity pulls a dropped ball to the ground.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Explain cause and effect relationships of forces that cannot be seen including… | Students learn why objects can push or pull each other without touching. Magnets attract metal across a gap, static electricity makes a balloon stick to a wall, and gravity pulls a dropped ball to the ground. | 3.PS2.1 |
Students observe everyday sources like a ringing bell, a lamp, or a warm sidewalk to gather proof that energy is at work. The goal is to notice how sound, light, and heat show up in the world around them.
Students build a simple circuit and show how electricity moves through it to power a light or buzzer. The model shows that energy travels from one place to another through connected parts.
Magnets push and pull objects without touching them. Students test how the strength and position of a magnet changes where an object moves or rests.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Make observations of sound, light, heat | Students observe everyday sources like a ringing bell, a lamp, or a warm sidewalk to gather proof that energy is at work. The goal is to notice how sound, light, and heat show up in the world around them. | 3.PS3.1 |
| Develop a model to show that energy can be transferred from place to place by… | Students build a simple circuit and show how electricity moves through it to power a light or buzzer. The model shows that energy travels from one place to another through connected parts. | 3.PS3.2 |
| Evaluate how magnets cause changes in the motion and position of objects, even… | Magnets push and pull objects without touching them. Students test how the strength and position of a magnet changes where an object moves or rests. | 3.PS3.3 |
Students look at diagrams showing how different living things grow and change over a lifetime. They compare life cycles across species, including humans, and notice what makes each one unique.
Plants and animals have body parts built for staying alive. Students study how those parts, inside and out, help creatures find food, grow, protect themselves, and have offspring, whether they live on land or in water.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Use graphical representations to compare how species including humans and other… | Students look at diagrams showing how different living things grow and change over a lifetime. They compare life cycles across species, including humans, and notice what makes each one unique. | 3.LS1.1 |
| Analyze the internal and external structures that aquatic and land organisms… | Plants and animals have body parts built for staying alive. Students study how those parts, inside and out, help creatures find food, grow, protect themselves, and have offspring, whether they live on land or in water. | 3.LS1.2 |
Animals like wolves, ants, and geese live and work in groups. Students study how those groups are organized, with some members playing different roles and others sharing the same job, to explain why living together helps animals survive.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Obtain information to compare various ways that groups organize | Animals like wolves, ants, and geese live and work in groups. Students study how those groups are organized, with some members playing different roles and others sharing the same job, to explain why living together helps animals survive. | 3.LS2.1 |
When a habitat changes naturally, like a drought drying out a pond, some animals survive and others don't. Students use real examples to explain why a changing environment helps certain creatures and hurts others.
Students look at real examples to figure out how human activity, like farming or building, changes the variety of plants and animals living in an area.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Use evidence to explain the cause and effect relationship between a naturally… | When a habitat changes naturally, like a drought drying out a pond, some animals survive and others don't. Students use real examples to explain why a changing environment helps certain creatures and hurts others. | 3.LS4.1 |
| Use evidence to determine the changes between an environment's biodiversity and… | Students look at real examples to figure out how human activity, like farming or building, changes the variety of plants and animals living in an area. | 3.LS4.2 |
Students sort the sun's neighbors (planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) into groups based on what they look like and how they move through space.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Use data to categorize different bodies in our solar system including inner and… | Students sort the sun's neighbors (planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) into groups based on what they look like and how they move through space. | 3.ESS1.1 |
Students draw or diagram how Earth's parts connect: how rain soaks into soil, how plants hold ground together, or how wind moves water. The goal is to show that land, life, water, and air affect each other.
Students map how water moves from oceans and lakes into the air, then falls back to Earth as rain or snow. They show how sunlight is the engine that keeps this cycle going.
Students read weather data from tables and graphs to spot patterns in rain, temperature, clouds, and wind. Those patterns help them predict what the local weather is likely to do next.
Students use real temperature and rainfall data to compare climates around the world, from frozen polar regions to hot, rainy tropical ones, and explain what makes each region's weather pattern distinct.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Develop a model to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or… | Students draw or diagram how Earth's parts connect: how rain soaks into soil, how plants hold ground together, or how wind moves water. The goal is to show that land, life, water, and air affect each other. | 3.ESS2.1 |
| Develop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth's spheres driven… | Students map how water moves from oceans and lakes into the air, then falls back to Earth as rain or snow. They show how sunlight is the engine that keeps this cycle going. | 3.ESS2.2 |
| Use tables, graphs, and tools to describe precipitation, temperature, clouds | Students read weather data from tables and graphs to spot patterns in rain, temperature, clouds, and wind. Those patterns help them predict what the local weather is likely to do next. | 3.ESS2.3 |
| Incorporate weather data to describe major climates | Students use real temperature and rainfall data to compare climates around the world, from frozen polar regions to hot, rainy tropical ones, and explain what makes each region's weather pattern distinct. | 3.ESS2.4 |
Students look at real tools people use to stay safe during floods, earthquakes, and other natural hazards, then judge how well those solutions actually work.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluate existing solutions that reduce the impact of natural hazards | Students look at real tools people use to stay safe during floods, earthquakes, and other natural hazards, then judge how well those solutions actually work. | 3.ESS3.1 |
Students come up with a design that solves a real problem, like keeping something dry in the rain, while following specific rules about size, cost, or materials they can and cannot use.
Students find facts or test results that back up why their design idea would work. They use that evidence to explain their solution, not just describe it.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Design a solution to a real-world problem that includes specified criteria and… | Students come up with a design that solves a real problem, like keeping something dry in the rain, while following specific rules about size, cost, or materials they can and cannot use. | 3.ETS1.1 |
| Apply evidence or research to support a design solution | Students find facts or test results that back up why their design idea would work. They use that evidence to explain their solution, not just describe it. | 3.ETS1.2 |
Students study four big areas: matter (solids, liquids, gases), forces like magnets and gravity, living things and habitats, and Earth and space. They also try a few simple engineering challenges where they design something to solve a real problem.
Talk about what students notice outside. Watch how ice melts in a drink, how a magnet sticks to the fridge, or how clouds change before it rains. Asking why something happened is more useful than knowing the right word for it.
Students should be able to explain that solids, liquids, and gases are all made of tiny particles too small to see. They should also tell the difference between changes that can be undone, like freezing water, and changes that cannot, like baking a cake.
A common path is matter first, then forces and energy, then life science, then Earth and space. Engineering design fits well as short challenges tied to each unit instead of a separate block at the end.
Forces at a distance trip students up, especially gravity, magnets, and static electricity acting without touching. Reversible versus irreversible changes also need extra practice, since students often lump melting and burning together.
Pick one thing from the week and act it out at home. Try magnets on different objects, freeze and melt water, or watch the moon for a few nights. Five minutes of hands-on noticing beats reading a textbook page.
Evidence means what students saw, measured, or read that backs up an idea. A drawing of a circuit, a chart of daily weather, or notes on how a plant grew all count. The goal is linking the claim to something real.
Students pick a real problem, list what the solution must do and what limits they have to work within, then build and test. Keep tasks short, two or three class periods, and tie them to the science unit so the content gets reinforced.
Give students a small problem at home, like keeping an ice cube from melting or building a bridge from index cards. Ask what worked, what failed, and what they would change. That thinking is the heart of engineering design.
By spring, students should explain cause and effect with evidence, read a simple chart or weather table, and describe how living things fit their habitats. They should also write a short explanation that uses observations to back up a claim.